腸腦失衡可能會造成的疾病

當腸道微生物和腦神經系統之間的『腸-腦軸線』發生失衡時，會對人們的健康產生影響。以下是一些與腸道微生物和腦神經系統關聯的案例：

1. 憂鬱症：腸道微生物失衡，可能導致血清素等神經傳遞物質的產生不足，進而影響情緒和心理狀態。註1, 2,3

2. 自閉症：腸道微生物失衡可能影響腸道屏障的穩定性，導致腸內毒素進入血液循環系統，進而影響神經系統的發育。 註 4,5,6

3. 飲食失調：飲食不良可能導致腸道微生物失衡，進而影響大腦中的神經傳遞物質的產生，例如血清素和多巴胺等。註 7,8,9

4. 失眠：腸道微生物失衡可能影響褪黑激素的產生，進而影響睡眠。註 10,11,12

總的來說，腸道微生物和腦神經系統之間的『腸-腦軸線』是一個復雜的系統，可以影響許多方面的健康，包括情緒、行為、認知和消化系統等。

註：

1. Foster, J. A., & McVey Neufeld, K. A. (2013). Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression. Trends in neurosciences, 36(5), 305-312.

2. Kelly, J. R., Borre, Y., O'Brien, C., Patterson, E., El Aidy, S., Deane, J., ... & Clarke, G. (2016). Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. Journal of psychiatric research, 82, 109-118.

3. Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., ... & Xie, P. (2016). Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host's metabolism. Molecular psychiatry, 21(6), 786-796.

4. Kang, D. W., Park, J. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Wallstrom, G., Labaer, J., Adams, J. B., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2013). Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children. PloS one, 8(7), e68322.

5. De Angelis, M., Piccolo, M., Vannini, L., Siragusa, S., De Giacomo, A., Serrazzanetti, D. I., ... & Francavilla, R. (2013). Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PloS one, 8(10), e76993.

6. Buffington, S. A., Di Prisco, G. V., Auchtung, T. A., Ajami, N. J., Petrosino, J. F., & Costa-Mattioli, M. (2016). Microbial reconstitution reverses maternal diet-induced social and synaptic deficits in offspring. Cell, 165(7), 1762-1775.

7. Sherwin, E., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1420(1), 5-25.

8. Galland, L. (2014). The gut microbiome and the brain. Journal of medicinal food, 17(12), 1261-1272.

9. Li, Y., Hao, Y., Fan, F., Zhang, B., The role of microbiome in insomnia, circadian disturbance and depression, Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021.

10. Wallace, C. J., Milev, R., & The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 2017, 16:14.

11. De Palma, G., Blennerhassett, P., Lu, J., Deng, Y., Park, A. J., Green, W., ... & Collins, S. M. (2015). Microbiota and host determinants of behavioural phenotype in maternally separated mice. Nature communications, 6(1), 1-11.

12. Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., ... & Xie, P. (2019). Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host's metabolism. Molecular psychiatry, 24(8), 1096-1109.